Annotation.Conception of the social capital is based on the phenomenon of confidence. On the basis of ethical and philosophical analysis of the category of confidence it can be convincingly said that without this category development of the society is impossible only by the economic mechanisms. The present study, on the basis of theoretical-methodological, regressive analysis of categories of the social capital and confidence, establishes those empiric relations, which exist between these two categories. 

Key words:social capital, motivation, methodology of measuring, corporations, efficiency.

Introduction

The scientists have determined that a level of the unterpersonal and organizational confidence positively influences motivation of the company employees. Volume of confidence accumulated    by the social system is its basic capital. Confidence, as a component part of the corporative culture, in the modern competitive economy is a far greater problem than simply management of the personal. In the companies, in which the degree of confidence is low, efficiency falls and competitiveness weakens. We should search for the reasons of this in low motivation of the professional activity. It is also clear that the confidence does not give a guarantee of high professional motivation. But it is an obligatory term of its formation. The studies prove that the confidence is considered to be a basis for not only interpersonal relations, but also for efficiency of the companies’ activities. We can suppose that the confidence is one of the most important factors, which influences professional motivation of the personnel.

The studies, dedicated to the problem of relation between the social capital and the confidence, incompletely reflect the connection between these two categories and their influence on increase of the motivation among the employees of the companies. Our study is oriented on promotion to a deeper understanding of this problem.

Literature Review

Scientific fundamentals of research on conception of the social capital and the confidence are established in the works of E. Durkheim and M. Weber. The scientists consider that the confidence is not an individual feature, which characterizes only a person, but spreads completely on the social group or the society (Demkin, 2004). For the first time the term “social capital” was used by renowned scientist L. Hanifan in the discussion “Important substances in everyday life of people”. Group solidarity and social relations are considered by L. Hanifan to be such “substances” (Lanzmann, 2007). We come across a systematic analysis of the social capital in the works of French sociologist Bourdieu. He explains the social capital, as “unity of potential resources, which are related by institutionalized strong networks of mutual acquiantance and acknowledgement” (Bourdieu, 2002). It is seen from this explanation of P. Bourdieu that the social capital represents the resources existing in the social netwoks. Concept “the social capital” is quite widely explained by J. Coleman. In his opinion, the social capital is the potential of mutual confidence and mutual support, which is deliberately established in interpersonal relations (Coleman, 2001). In the studies, conducted by R. Patnem, in the analysis of the social capital, the accent is focused on the nature of its economic, public wellbeing. The present approach, which was further developed in the works of F. Fukuyama and other schientists, much determined the present condition of scientific discussions in this branch. Main idea of F. Fukuyama is that excess of confidence in the society generates the social capital, which differs from other forms of the human capital by that it is formed and transferred through such cultural mechanisms, as is religion, tradition or historical customs and habits (Fukuyama, 2006).

On the basis of comparison of capital with the material forms and their analysis a conclusion can be made that the category “social capital” is characterized by the following features: 1. The social capital, the same as the material forms of the capiyal, is a resource, which is fiormed in the sphere of social relations and has an ability of conversion; 2. The social capital differs from the material forms of the capital, as it is located in the structure of relations; 3. The social capital is not an object of property, it is formed in the social networks ( Shengelia, 2012).

Conception of the social capital is based on the concept of confidence (Lanzmann, 2007). It should be surely said that without confidence the society development is impossible only by the economic mechanisms. On the basis of ethical-philosophical analysis we can outline four most important sides of the present phenomenon: confidence is discussed as the system of moral relations between people; an act of confidence is characterized as a volunary manifestation of the subject; confidence is realized by way of transmitting the intimate ideas and sentiments.  

Research of  Methodology

51 persons took part in the research, which were engaged in the international company “Wendy’s”. In the process of research were selected people from 30 t0 55 years of age, which had high education; in the group were 25 women and 25 men. Thus a gender balance was preserved.

In the process of research was used the methodology of assessment of the social capital of organization, established by R. Shaw (Shaw, 2014), which involved several stages. 

1. At the first stage the questions involved 10 polar evidences, connected with the factor of confidence in the organization. The answers were evaluated from 1 to 5 scores.
2. Second stage imvolved the questions, concerning motivation of human labor activity. The methodology for evaluation of the motives for work was elaborated in the socio-psychological laboratory of the Tbilisi State University Center of Fundamental Research (Shengelia, 2012). By this methodology a respondent was demanded to define priorities, to select meaning of each motive. In the process of assessment were used scores from 1 to 10. An important priority was assessed by 1 score and unimportant – by 10.  
3. Further questions were oriented to revealing of stimuli, which motivate best performance of professional activity by the employees. The questionary suggests 5 stimuli, such as: high salary, possibility to receive a premium, participation in the profit of the organization, the perspective to become one of the owners of the company, possibility to settle important tasks. The answers vary from 1 score – “do not stimulate” to 5 scores – “stimulate very much”.

III. Next group of questions is connected with the individual data of the personnel. Here was determined: age of a respondent, gender, national belonging, occupied position, religious belonging, education, etc.

For processing the primary data a standard packet SPSS 9.0 for Windows was used. Average mathematical calculation was done by the confidence scale and the analysis was made by the method of partial correlations. The method of correlation analysis was used for establishment of the union between the confidence and the motivation. In the process of analysisaverage meaning and dispersion were determined in the organization by the scale of the social capital evaluation (Table 1).

Table 1

Average meaning and dispersion according to the social capital evaluation scale

in the organization

By the primary results we have obtained, it is impossible to reveal existence or inexistence of confidence in the entire organization. That’s why, with the purpose of deeper research average meaning and dispersion are determined by the scale of work motives evaluation. (Table 2).

                                                                                                                                                          Table 2

Average meaning and dispersion according to the work motives evaluation scale

To deepen the research we have established average meaning and dispersion according to the scale of main labor stimuli evaluation (Table 3)

Table 3

Average meaning and dispersion according to the scale of main labor stimuli evaluation 

After a short review of the situation of confidence was conducted in the company and we received average meanings according to the each respondent, on the basis of a correlative analysis we determined the relation between the factors. The methodology for organizational confidence evaliationwas specified by Cronbach’s coefficient.

  Table 4

Check of confidence evaluation scale byα-Cronbach’s coefficient

Analysis of agreement (n = 47) showed that it is high and - Cronbach’s coefficient = 0, 87, which points to validity of the methodology we have used.

By the confidence evaluation scale the partial correlations of polar evidences, motives and motivation stimuli, according to gender and age, are presented in Table 5.

 Table 5

Analysis and Results

It is seen from Table 1 that by the social capital evalution scale an average meaning is higher than 0,05, and no important relation was noticed between an average index of confidence per each respondent and motivation. But if we assess the motivation correlation table with separate aspects of confidence, then we can establish some important correlations. Namely, in the company “Wendy’s” exists positive correlation beeween freedom of activity and possibility of selfrealization; payment for work is connected with such stimulus, as participation in the company profit; close relations exist between power and career; the scale of expression of ideas is positively related with satisfaction received from work, possibility of selfrealization and settlement of interesting tasks; orientation on competition is positively related with participation in the organization profit and the perspective to become one of the owners of the company, and negatively – with satisfaction received from work; payment for work is connected with such a stimulus, as participation in the company profit.

Thus, proceeding from the obtained results, we can make the conclusion that main hypothesis of our research, according to which was proved that the level of interpersonal and organizational confidence positively influences the motivation of employees.

Conclusion

In result of the research, existence of positive correlation between the social capital and motivation was established. That mutual relation is revealed, which exists between the social capital and the motivation.

Establishment of the mutual relation of these components is of practical value, because study and analysis of the confidence parameters for formation of an employee’s motivation is an important task from the viewpoint of increase of the company competitiveness. Therefore, to increase an employee’s motivation to the work activity, it is necessary to influence these parameters, which determine the company success, the possibility of which is given by the methodology we have elaborated.

References

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